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Volume 2
Issue 2 JULY– DECEMBER 2025
Volume 2(Issue 2) JULY– DECEMBER 2025 Research Articles
Overstocking, Stocking Density and Suboptimal Growth and Feed Conversion in Nile Tilapia Culture Systems
Vol.2(2); Pages:1-7. Published on July-2025
Abstract
The performance and welfare of fish in an aquaculture system considerably depends on the use of stocking density. Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) were reared in recirculating aquaculture systems ( RAS ) with different stocking densities to ascertain the influence of different stocking densities on growth, feed and stress levels of this fish. Three densities of 20 kg/m 3, 40 kg/m 3 and 60 kg/m 3 of stocking were undertaken over a period of 8 weeks. Findings revealed that the 40kg/m 3 stocking density recorded the highest specific growth rate (1.89%/day), optimal feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.42 and the least cortisol level which meant that there was minimal stress. Alternatively, the fish at 60 kg/m 3 recorded reduced weight gain, elevated stress markers, and poor FCR. The paper proposes moderate stocking densities (40 kg/m 3 ) as preference in maximizing growth performance and welfare in tilapia aquaculture. These observations give useful information on the best way to use resources and manage fishes in the recirculating settings.
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Dietary Probiotic Enrichment in The Enhancement of Growth Performance and Disease Resistance in Pacific White Shrimp
Vol.2(2); Pages:8-14. Published on August-2025
Abstract
The research focuses on exploring how Bacillus subtilis-enriched feed affects aquaculture of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) growth performances, survival and its resistance to the disease. The fish were subjected to a 45-days feeding period, and the post-larvae were assembled into two groups, control and probiotic-town fed. Growth parameters such as weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed and thereafter, the pathogen challenge was done using Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The findings were that the weight gain of the probiotic fed group rose by 12.4 percent, and the FCR was significantly reduced to 1.39. Also, a reduction in mortality was found within the group taking probiotics after the challenge (48%, p < 0.01) which speaks of increased resistance to the disease. The results indicate that supplementation of Bacillus subtilis enhances the growth and immune response in L. vannamei and therefore a sustainable alternative to antibiotics in shrimp culture.
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Evaluation of Biofloc Technology as a Means of Improving the Water Quality and Growth Performance in the Fish Farming of Catfish
Vol.2(2); Pages:15-21. Published on August-2025
Abstract
In aquaculture, it has been pay attention to biofloc technology (BFT) which is a sustainable means of enhancing the water quality, nutrition and recycling of nutrients and sustain high intensities of fish farming. This research paper evaluated the performance of BFT technology and culture of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) over a 8 weeks cycle studying its performance against that of the conventional static water systems. The findings established that BFT systems had a significant impact on lowering toxic nitrogenous compounds, especially ammonia, with average levels at 0.25 mg/L. Their nurturing capacity was also found to provide an admirable survival rate of catfish in BFT tanks at 92.1% that was far more superior to that of conventional systems. Fish production also had a higher growth rate in the BFT cultivation system where the mean percent weight gain of fish was 14.7 percent higher and a better feed directly ratio (FCR) of 1.28, representing better utilization of feed (p < 0.05). The findings demonstrate the beneficial effect of BFT to provide more stable and self-regulating aquatic environment where water exchange is no longer required so often and it is also biosecure.
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Evaluation of the Effect of Floating Cage Design on Growth and Stress Response on Rainbow Trout in Alpine Reservoirs
Vol.2(2); Pages:22-29. Published on September-2025
Abstract
Cage design (Floating cage) is an important aspect of water flow, distribution of oxygen and fish health in open-water fish farming. The study involved the evaluation of the effectiveness of two floating cage systems, i.e., standard square cages and semi-circular V-shape cages that could be deployed in rearing Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at a high-altitude reservoir and they operated over a 10 week period. A higher specific growth rate of 9.2 % was recorded in the V-shaped fish cages than in the square cages of fish, implying better growth conditions as a result of the good water flow and oxygen distribution. Also, plasma cortisol concentration, a stress indicator was lower in fish in V-shaped cages depicting low levels of stress. The amount of dissolved oxygen was steady greater in the V-shaped cages owing to increased flow of water. It has been found that the operational costs of the two designs of cage were similar after carrying out a cost-benefit analysis. The results confirm that some engineering design modifications of cages could substantially provide better welfare and lower stress, growth of fish, by far at a cheaper cost of making the coldwater aquaculture systems to work in the best possible way.
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Analysis of Stock Structure and Genetic Characterization of wild and hatchery reared Rohu based on Microsatellite Markers
Vol.2(2); Pages:30-37. Published on September-2025
Abstract
Genetic diversity plays a very significant role in ensuring sustainability in the long run in aquaculture species. The objective of this paper was to find the genetic difference and population structure of the wild-caught and hatchery-reared Labeo rohita (Rohu) based on ten polymorphic microsatellite loci. These samples were obtained through three wild river populations and 4 major hatcheries throughout South Asia. Genetical studies showed very low heterozygosity in the hatchery stocks (Ho = 0.58) as compared to the wild population (Ho = 0.72), and therefore, there is less genetic diversity in fish raised in the hatcheries. Also, there was moderate genetic differentiation between wild and hatchery populations (Fst = 0.084), which signifies the genetic segregation of those populations. The findings pose some worrying issues on the case of genetic bottleneck and inbreeding on hatchery stocks, which can hamper their health, adaptability, and productivity. The paper suggests as a means of averting these risks adoption of rotational breeding programs and use of wild genetic lines in addition to hatchery stocks. These steps are going to allow sustaining healthy widespread populations with high genetic diversity which will make fish production sustainable and durable.
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Issue 1 JANUARY- JUNE 2025
Volume 2(Issue 1) JANUARY- JUNE 2025 Research Articles
The Role of Information Systems in Advancing Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Pacific Blue Economy
Vol.2(1); Pages:1-9. Published on May-2025
Abstract
The concept of the blue economy has gained substantial attention in recent years as a critical framework for promoting sustainable economic growth, particularly in regions that rely heavily on marine resources. The Pacific region is one such area where fisheries and aquaculture serve as pivotal sectors for food security, economic development, and environmental sustainability. However, while the blue economy provides numerous opportunities, the efficient management of fisheries and aquaculture remains a challenge due to environmental changes, overfishing, and the need for better regulatory frameworks. Information technology (IT) has emerged as a transformative force in addressing these challenges by enhancing data collection, streamlining operations, and improving decision-making in fisheries and aquaculture. The integration of Information Systems (IS) within the blue economy, particularly in the fisheries sector, has led to innovations such as satellite tracking for fishing vessels, blockchain-based traceability systems, and AI-powered monitoring tools. These advancements have played a crucial role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in resource management.This systematic literature review examines the role of Information Systems (IS) in fisheries and aquaculture across the Pacific region. The study identifies and analyzes existing research, trends, and technological implementations that support sustainable fishing practices. The research methodology includes a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed journal articles, case studies, and reports from international organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Bank, and regional fisheries management bodies. The review categorizes findings into key themes, including supply chain digitalization, sustainable fishing practices, data-driven decision-making, and the impact of IT on fisheries governance. By synthesizing these themes, the study provides valuable insights into how information technologies contribute to sustainability and economic resilience in the blue economy.
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The Future of Fisheries Co-Management: Integrating the Blue Economy with the Green Deal
Vol.2(1); Pages:10-18. Published on May-2025
Abstract
Sustainability has become a critical area of focus in contemporary global discourse, particularly in relation to environmental conservation, economic stability, and social equity. This study delves into the intricate relationship between sustainability policies and their long-term impacts across multiple sectors, highlighting the urgency of adopting robust strategies to mitigate climate change, enhance resource efficiency, and foster inclusive development. The modern world is faced with an escalating crisis as unsustainable industrial practices, excessive resource consumption, and environmental degradation continue to threaten global ecosystems. Governments, businesses, and communities must collaboratively work toward holistic and systematic interventions to address these challenges effectively. The research examines both the theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence surrounding sustainable development, incorporating diverse perspectives from environmental science, economics, and social policy to present a comprehensive understanding of how sustainability initiatives can be successfully implemented and maintained over time. In doing so, the study explores key principles such as the circular economy, green energy transitions, sustainable urban planning, corporate social responsibility, and ecological resilience. These interconnected elements provide the foundation for a more sustainable future, wherein economic growth is aligned with environmental preservation and social well-being.One of the fundamental aspects of sustainability is its interdisciplinary nature, requiring collective efforts across various sectors and stakeholders. This research emphasizes the necessity of integrating sustainability into policymaking, corporate governance, and societal behavior. Effective policies must be data-driven, supported by scientific research, and designed for long-term adaptability. The paper underscores the role of international organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Bank, in setting global sustainability standards and facilitating cross-border collaborations. Additionally, it explores case studies of countries that have successfully integrated sustainable policies into their national frameworks, analyzing both the successes and challenges they have encountered. By doing so, the study offers insights into best practices that can be adapted to different socio-economic and political contexts. Furthermore, corporate responsibility and sustainable business models play a crucial role in driving environmental and social progress. Companies are increasingly being held accountable for their environmental impact, prompting the adoption of sustainable supply chains, waste reduction measures, and ethical business practices. The research investigates how businesses can balance profitability with sustainability goals, demonstrating that long-term financial success is achievable without compromising ecological integrity.
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Advancements and Applications of Digital Technologies in Sustainable Marine Aquaculture
Vol.2(1); Pages:19-27. Published on May-2025
Abstract
Marine aquaculture has emerged as a crucial strategy for ecological and sustainable fishery development as natural fishery resources continue to decline. To address farming challenges, improve efficiency, and modernize the industry, digital technologies including the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain are being increasingly implemented. This paper examines the interrelationships between these technologies and their application framework in marine aquaculture. We highlight the outcomes of each technology’s implementation, identifying both advantages and limitations. Additionally, we detail applications in deep-sea aquaculture facilities and summarize the primary challenges and future trends to provide scientific reference for broader adoption of digital technologies in marine aquaculture.
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Holistic Sustainability as A Transformative Approach to Fisheries Management
Vol.2(1); Pages:28-34. Published on May-2025
Abstract
Marine aquaculture has emerged as a crucial strategy for ecological and sustainable fishery development as natural Traditional fisheries management frequently uses “panaceas” or single-focused approaches that ignore the intricate socio-ecological relationships found in marine environments. In order to guarantee the long-term sustainability of fisheries, this study examines full-spectrum sustainability as a comprehensive solution that incorporates ecological, economic, social, and governance aspects. Full-spectrum sustainability goes beyond conventional stock-based management by taking into account more comprehensive elements like habitat preservation, climate resilience, socioeconomic equity, and community involvement. This method promotes flexible, location-based, and inclusive management frameworks while acknowledging the connection between human civilizations and marine ecosystems. Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), community-based co-management, market-driven sustainability incentives, and creative policy tools catered to particular ecological and cultural contexts are important tactics.
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Comparing Sustainability Standards: Canadian Fisheries Research Network vs. Fisheries, Forestry, and Aquaculture Certifications
Vol.2(1); Pages:35-41. Published on May-2025
Abstract
Concern over sustainability in natural resource management is growing, which has led to the creation of numerous frameworks and certification programs in sectors like aquaculture, forestry, and fisheries. In order to guarantee sustainable fisheries management, the Canadian Fisheries Research Network (CFRN) framework combines scientific research, business practices, and policy concerns. This study contrasts the CFRN framework with wellknown certification programs in aquaculture (such as the Aquaculture Stewardship Council), forestry (such as the Forest Stewardship Council), and fisheries (such as the Marine Stewardship Council). Key sustainability goals are compared, such as resource efficiency, stakeholder inclusion, ecosystem protection, transparency, and environmental condition adaptation Certification systems are often more standardized, market-driven, and compliance-focused, whereas the CFRN framework is research-driven and collaborative, emphasizing knowledge co-production and continual development. This research emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy, highlighting the ways in which the CFRN framework either parallels or deviates from accepted certification approaches. The results indicate that certification programs offer market legitimacy and enforcement, whereas the CFRN framework encourages adaptability and scientific participation. By striking a balance between accountability and adaptability, a combination of these models could improve sustainability governance in resource-based companies.
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Volume 1
Issue 1 JULY– DECEMBER 2024
Research Articles Volume 1 (Issue 1) JULY– DECEMBER 2024
Biochar’s Role in Nutrient Capture, Carbon Sequestration, and Environmental Management: A Review
Vol.1(1); Pages:1-9. Published on October-2024
Abstract
Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from biomass pyrolysis under limited oxygen conditions, has gained considerable attention for its multifunctional benefits in agriculture and environmental management. This review explores the role of biochar in enhancing soil nutrient capture, improving carbon sequestration, and addressing pressing environmental challenges. Biochar has demonstrated the ability to retain essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, reducing leaching and improving plant growth. Additionally, its high carbon stability offers significant potential for long-term carbon sequestration, contributing to climate change mitigation efforts. The porosity and surface chemistry of biochar also aid in the adsorption of contaminants, such as heavy metals and organic pollutants, thereby reducing environmental pollution. Moreover, biochar use can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, including methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), from agricultural soils. This review discusses biochar’s production methods, physicochemical properties, and mechanisms of action while addressing challenges related to biochar variability, scalability, and policy frameworks. Future research directions include optimizing biochar formulations for specific crops and soil types, life-cycle assessments of biochar systems, and integrating biochar use with other sustainable agricultural practices.
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Enhancing Organic Carbon in Tropical Soils: A Strategy for Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Mitigation
Vol.1(1); Pages:10-18. Published on November-2024
Abstract
Tropical soils, which play a critical role in global food production and environmental sustainability, often face challenges such as low organic carbon content due to rapid decomposition rates, soil erosion, and unsustainable agricultural practices. Enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential not only for improving soil fertility and crop productivity but also for mitigating climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. This paper explores various strategies to enhance organic carbon in tropical soils, including agroforestry, cover cropping, biochar application, organic amendments (compost and manure), and conservation tillage. The integration of these practices fosters improved soil structure, moisture retention, nutrient availability, and microbial activity, making agriculture more resilient to extreme weather events. Furthermore, the adoption of SOC-enhancing techniques contributes to long-term sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing biodiversity, and preventing land degradation. Despite these benefits, challenges such as financial constraints, knowledge gaps, and policy bottlenecks limit the widespread adoption of these practices. This study emphasizes the importance of stakeholder involvement, farmer education, and supportive policies to facilitate sustainable land management and climate action. Ultimately, increasing SOC in tropical soils presents a dual opportunity: advancing food security while addressing pressing environmental issues through carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation.
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Genomic Traits of Soil Bacteria Reveal Ecological Insights into Agricultural Soil Health
Vol.1(1); Pages:19-27. Published on November-2024
Abstract
Understanding the genomic traits of soil bacteria is crucial for assessing their roles in agricultural soil health. This study investigates the diversity and functional characteristics of soil bacteria through genomic analysis, elucidating their ecological roles and associations with soil health parameters. By employing metagenomics and bioinformatics approaches, we identified key genomic traits such as metabolic pathways, antibiotic resistance genes, and symbiotic capabilities that influence soil microbial community dynamics and ecosystem functions. Furthermore, environment-wide association studies (EWAS) highlight significant relationships between bacterial genomic features and environmental variables such as soil pH, moisture content, and nutrient levels. These findings underscore the importance of microbial genomic traits in shaping soil health and provide insights into sustainable agricultural practices aimed at enhancing soil fertility and productivity.
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Integrating Land-Based Carbon Removal Strategies for Negative Erosion and Emissions: Rebuilding Topsoils to Boost Food Production
Vol.1(1); Pages:28-37. Published on December-2024
Abstract
The growing challenges of climate change, soil degradation, and food insecurity necessitate innovative solutions that address both environmental and agricultural sustainability. Negative erosion and negative emissions represent an integrative approach aimed at reversing soil degradation and sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂). This strategy combines multiple land-based carbon removal techniques such as biochar application, agroforestry, regenerative agriculture, cover cropping, and perennial crop systems to rebuild fertile topsoils, mitigate erosion, and enhance long-term food production. By improving soil structure and organic carbon content, these methods restore soil productivity and water retention capacity, reducing the need for chemical inputs while increasing climate resilience. Additionally, the sequestration of CO₂ within soils contributes to meeting global climate targets by offsetting greenhouse gas emissions. This comprehensive framework offers synergies between agriculture and environmental conservation, emphasizing the potential of sustainable farming practices to reverse the ecological impacts of conventional agriculture. However, effective implementation requires addressing technical, economic, and policy-related challenges, including scaling efforts, ensuring stakeholder involvement, and overcoming financial barriers. This paper highlights the importance of integrating these strategies into agricultural policies, demonstrating that soil health restoration through carbon removal techniques not only supports food security but also promotes sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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Soil-Plant-Microbe Interactions Shape Soil Biological Fertility Through Rhizospheric Nutrient Cycling and Biocrust Formation
Vol.1(1); Pages:38-47. Published on December-2024
Abstract
Soil-plant-microbe interactions play a crucial role in determining soil biological fertility by influencing rhizospheric nutrient cycling and biocrust formation. These interactions involve complex networks where plants, microbes, and soil organisms interact synergistically to enhance nutrient availability and soil health. Rhizospheric processes such as nutrient uptake, mineralization, and organic matter decomposition are influenced by microbial activities, which in turn affect plant growth and productivity. Furthermore, biocrusts formed by microbial communities on soil surfaces contribute significantly to nutrient retention, soil stabilization, and water infiltration. Understanding these interactions is essential for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management.
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