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Volume 1
Issue 2 JULY– DECEMBER 2025
Volume 1 (Issue 2) JULY– DECEMBER 2025 Research Articles
Combining Lifestyle Counseling with Pharmacist-Led Medication Synchronization to Improve Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients
Vol.1(2); Pages:1-9. Published on July-2025
Abstract
Many people taking antihypertension medication fail to follow the recommended dosages, a situation that results in more heart problems and higher medical expenses. Following the prescriptions given by doctors is very important for lowering high blood pressure risks. Medication synchronization is an approach that simplifies picking up drugs by arranging each person’s refill schedule on the same date. Although other studies show that synchronization helps patients stick to their medication, there is not enough proof to judge its effects on blood pressure. This study’s goal is to examine if patients who take part in a medication synchronization program supervised by pharmacists have better control of their blood pressure. Design: The researchers will use a prospective, longitudinal cohort design and look at how the blood pressure of two groups compared: one which receives medication synchronization and one which follows regular medication pick-up processes. To participate, patients have to take at least two antihypertensive medicines and should have gone to the pharmacy for six months straight to get their prescriptions filled. Blood pressure will be measured in research subjects for 10 months after the beginning of the study. Analyses that use inverse-probability-oftreatment weighting will take care of any confounding factors and missing data present in the data.As of the time of writing, enrolling patients is almost done, while their last blood pressure readings and medication reports are being collected. Data analysis will be carried out once every patient visit is finished.At the end, the protocol describes research targeting a relationship between medication synchronization and results for people with hypertension. Based on the findings, it will be decided whether a future randomized controlled trial is needed to check how much this intervention helps blood pressure and heart health.
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Pharmacist Home Visits for Hypertension Control in Older Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Vol.1(2); Pages:10-20. Published on August-2025
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is associated with hypertension as a common chronic disease in the older population, which may cause severe cardiovascular complications because of lack of compliance in medication usage and uncontrolled blood pressure levels. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to analyze the pharmacistled home visitation intervention in terms of its effectiveness in managing blood pressure among the elder patients (>65 years). One hundred and twenty participants were randomly chosen to be either in an intervention group where they would get bi-weekly visits of their home by the pharmacist within a period of 3 months or the control group who would undergo the traditional care. It consisted of monitoring blood pressure, medication review, counseling regarding adherence and lifestyle changes. By the end of study, systolic blood pressure (BP) decreased by 14.2 mmHg and diastolic BP by 7.5 mmHg in the intervention group in comparison to the control group (5.6 mmHg and 2.3 mmHg, respectively, p < 0.01). The rate of medication adherence was increased to 28 percent in the group receiving an intervention. These results demonstrate the possibility of home visits conducted by pharmacists to improve the process of hypertension management among older patients.
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A Quasi-Experimental Study: Home-Based Community Pharmacist-Led Inhaler Education for Better Asthma Control
Vol.1(2); Pages:21-30. Published on September-2025
Abstract
Maluse of inhaler is the common cause of poor asthma control, which is basically ignored in most common clinical practice. In this quasi-experimental study, the researchers evaluated the value of community pharmacists conducting home-based education on inhaler technique and asthma control. Sixty adults with poor inhaler technique using asthma medications were recruited and subjected to a systematic intervention involving inhaler demonstration, correcting errors and informational leaflets and a follow-up after two weeks. Measures of asthma control test (ACT) scores, inhaler methods checklists, and peak expiratory flow rates that determined baseline levels and changes at four-week post-intervention were taken. The outcomes showed a major increment in the inhaler technique (improved it by 40 points, p < 0.001) and the ACT scores (means increased by 5.2 points, p < 0.01). There was a 15% improvement in peak flow rates. This analysis proves the fact that home-based interventions led by pharmacists can considerably increase drug inhaler use and asthma control, benefiting patient outcomes and decreasing the load on the healthcare system.
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Prospective interventional study: Home-Based Medication Review of Polypharmacy Reduction in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Vol.1(2); Pages:31-41. Published on October-2025
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have common polypharmacy, which exposes individuals to a risk of adverse drug events and hospitalizations. This is a longitudinal interventional study that examined the efficacy of pharmacist home-based medication reviews to limit the number of inappropriate medications in CKD patients. Eighty-five adult (stage 3 5), patients consuming 8 or more medical drugs were recruited. During home visits, pharmacists were carrying out full medication reviews and found drug duplications, drugs that were contraindicated, and multiple opportunities in deprescribing medications. During a 12 week follow-up period it reduced the average number of medications per patient of 10.4 at baseline to 7.8 at follow-up (p < 0.01), the number of clinically significant drug-drug interactions declined by 43 percent, and medication adherence went up by 21 percent. Emergency visits due to adverse drug events were also reduced as a result of the intervention. These findings suggest the critical role of pharmacist-led interventions in the maximization of pharmacotherapeutic regimens and enhancing the safety of CKD patients.
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Elongated Type 2 Diabetes Regulation in the Rural Patients by Home Glucose Monitoring Supported by Pharmacists
Vol.1(2); Pages:42-52. Published on November-2025
Abstract
Achieving optimal blood glycemic control is a specific problem due to the barriers to medical follow-up and self-monitoring of the level of glucose in the blood among rural patients with type 2 diabetes. This randomised prospective trial compared community pharmacist delivered home-based support with self-monitoring adherence and glycemic outcomes among rural people. The authors recruited 72 adults with type 2 diabetes in remote villages and allocated them either to an intervention group treated to monthly home visits that included visits by a pharmacist or the usual pharmacy services in a control group. Some of the interventions involved training with the glucometer, reviewing data logs, nutrition counseling and medication compliance. The intervention group exhibited a HbA1c changeof -0.9 (31%) and -0.3 (10%) (p < 0.01), respectively, and increases in self-monitoring adherence by 32 percent in the study at the end of the study in contrast to -0.3 (10%) (p < 0.01). Satisfaction of the patient was much stronger with the intervention arm. The proposed research project proves that the intervention of the home-based pharmacist is a valid solution to the health disparities and effective management of diabetes in underserved communities in the rural landscape.
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Issue 1 JANUARY- JUNE 2025
Volume 1(Issue 1) JANUARY- JUNE 2025 Research Articles
Improving Frail Older Adults’ Medication Management: A Multidisciplinary Deprescribing Method in Primary Care
Vol.1(1); Pages:1-9. Published on June-2025
Abstract
Reducing inappropriate polypharmacy in older people living with frailty presents significant challenges for primary care. Evidence suggests structured medication review (SMR) and deprescribing processes involving multidisciplinary teams could facilitate this process. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive multidisciplinary medication review and deprescribing intervention for older people living with frailty in primary care.Intervention development followed the Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions, integrating behavior change and implementation theories. The process included: 1) a realist review of 28 papers identifying 33 context-mechanism-outcome configurations for successful medication review and deprescribing, 2) qualitative research with 26 healthcare professionals and 13 older people with polypharmacy and their informal carers, and 3) co-design with key stakeholders through four iterative workshops. This systematic approach ensured the intervention addressed identified barriers while maximizing acceptability and feasibility.
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A Review of Tertiary Care Hospitals’ Pharmacy Services’ Customer Perceptions and Satisfaction Levels
Vol.1(1); Pages:10-17. Published on June-2025
Abstract
The quality of tertiary care hospital pharmacy services can be assessed largely by how satisfied their customers are. Supplying medication and offering counselling to patients is important for their outcomes and perceptions. I examined literature regarding pharmacy services in tertiary care settings and suggested how it can be improved in the future. ABCD analysis was done to examine the important features of pharmacy services related to satisfaction. While customer satisfaction with pharmaceutical services has been widely investigated, researchers rarely study areas like ease of getting medicine, communication with pharmacists and counselling offered. It is important to note that the first time someone visits and for the elderly, they may experience shortcomings in the service provided. Many people expressed that education on medicine and meetings with pharmacists were not provided in a reliable manner.
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Pharmacy Practice Advancement through Standardized Competency Recognition: Pharmacist Credentialing and Privilege
Vol.1(1); Pages:18-28. Published on June-2025
Abstract
This paper discusses the essential aspects of how pharmacists gain credentials and privileges in the modern health sector. With pharmacists now handling clinical services in addition to their old duties, it is necessary to have more reliable ways to confirm their skills and expertise. The paper points out that credentialing checks a pharmacist’s qualifications through confirmed schooling, licensing and experience, while privileging allows a licensed pharmacist to perform particular tasks because they have passed tests or exams. This area of study considers various approaches for putting the profession to work in different settings, managing problems such as limited resources, different regulations and a lack of specific benchmark skills. The document offers guidelines on how to develop systems that protect patients and maintain their safety, along with supporting pharmacists’ career growth. Pulling from effective practices and new trends, the paper proposes a plan to tailor assessments of pharmacist skills and assist in their progression. By carrying out proper credentialing and privileging, healthcare organizations can make the most of pharmacists’ skills and still ensure important quality assurance.
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Pharmacy-Led Self-Care for Minor Illnesses and Its Economic Impact on the German Healthcare System
Vol.1(1); Pages:29-36. Published on June-2025
Abstract
Since resources are scarce in German healthcare, the study focused on providing helpful suggestions for policy decisions. According to the WHO, doctors in Germany consult with more patients each year than doctors in other countries which can be unsafe for patients. This research focused on socio-economic and health economics aspects of using pharmacy for self-medication and self-care to treat minor diseases, instead of going to a GP. To determine therapeutic routes within the healthcare system, we reviewed existing information from market research, epidemiology and demographics. Besides the decision trees, interviews with experts were used to help with the analysis of how people react to minor health issues. Using these instruments, we conducted research on pharmacy-based self-care impacts and then recommended suitable policies in multiple stages using wellestablished steps.In Germany, the use of consumer self-care and self-medication now saves GKV (statutory health insurance) roughly €21 billion a year. According to a scenario for the future, health insurance will save €2.2 billion on medical costs and €426 million on medicine expenses. Since there are less sick leave-related losses of productivity, the EU is currently saving €6 billion and an additional €750 million is expected to be saved later on. According to statistics, the health insurance fund and the economy save an extra €14 and €4, respectively, for every euro spent on self-medication. Self-care allows people to save time on appointments and gives professionals the ability to help others who are more severely ill. For medical staff dealing with a high number of patients, the two-hour per day estimated relief in the future is a major help.
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Research Participation, Medical Graduates, Factors, Barriers, International Medical Education
Vol.1(1); Pages:37-44. Published on June-2025
Abstract
Since resources are scarce in German healthcare, the study focused on providing helpful suggestions for policy decisions. According to the WHO, doctors in Germany consult with more patients each year than doctors in other countries which can be unsafe for patients. This research focused on socio-economic and health economics aspects of using pharmacy for self-medication and self-care to treat minor diseases, instead of going to a GP. To determine therapeutic routes within the healthcare system, we reviewed existing information from market research, epidemiology and demographics. Besides the decision trees, interviews with experts were used to help with the analysis of how people react to minor health issues. Using these instruments, we conducted research on pharmacy-based self-care impacts and then recommended suitable policies in multiple stages using wellestablished steps.In Germany, the use of consumer self-care and self-medication now saves GKV (statutory health insurance) roughly €21 billion a year. According to a scenario for the future, health insurance will save €2.2 billion on medical costs and €426 million on medicine expenses. Since there are less sick leave-related losses of productivity, the EU is currently saving €6 billion and an additional €750 million is expected to be saved later on. According to statistics, the health insurance fund and the economy save an extra €14 and €4, respectively, for every euro spent on self-medication. Self-care allows people to save time on appointments and gives professionals the ability to help others who are more severely ill. For medical staff dealing with a high number of patients, the two-hour per day estimated relief in the future is a major help.
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