The IJDSME archive serves as a repository of knowledge, showcasing all previously published issues. It is designed to support researchers, educators, and policymakers in accessing valuable insights and data on marine science and ecosystems.
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Volume 2
Issue 2 JULY– DECEMBER 2025
Volume 2 (Issue 2) JULY– DECEMBER 2025 Research Articles
The effects of deep-sea mining taking place in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone Benthic Faunal Diversity in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Vol.2(2); Pages:1-7. Published on October-2025
Abstract
The research simulated an effect of deep-sea mining on benthic faunal diversity on deep seabed within the populace of polymetallic nodules in the Pacific Ocean and Eastern Clippers in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Transect sampling of the remotely operated vehicle (ROV), along with the sediment cores in four experiment sites allowed the researchers to describe 328 macrofaunal taxa and evaluate the level of sediment disturbance, carbon content and oxygen penetration. The outcomes indicated that biodiversity was greatly reduced after the zones were mined, with a Shannon index of 2.38 against the 3.72 in non mined areas. Besides, recovery levels were weak, even two years after mobilization. The paper points out the ecological dangers of long-term deep-sea mining, the necessity of deep-sea mapping of biodiversity baselines and protective measures to be taken before commercial deep-sea mining operations start. The results support the idea that more regulations and mid to long-term monitoring should be implemented in order to preserve the vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems and attenuate the consequences of mining in CCZ and the marine biodiversity.
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Dynamics of submarine Canyons and their potential deep-sea role in carbon sequestration: A case study in the Nazare Canyon, Portugal
Vol.2(2); Pages:8-15. Published on November-2025
Abstract
The Submarine canyons are instrumental in moving the organic matters and sequestering carbon in the deep sea over the long-term. In an attempt to understand sediment carbon fluxes and the hydrodynamics of the canyon, this research evaluated the six-month hydrodynamics and carbon export of the Nazar Canyon, Portugal. The study estimated the flux and burial efficiency of particulate organic carbon (POC) within the canyon system through the use of up-to-date profiling, sediment coring and remote sensing data. Data indicate that episodic turbidity flows were responsible of transporting over 35 per cent of the annual POC transport in two storms alone. Also, burial efficiency within canyon-fed basins was above 48 % reinforcing the significance of submarine canyons as high-efficiency sinks of the carbon. These results indicate the hypothesis is supported that living in active canyon systems result in improved deep-sea carbon sinks and must be considered in blue carbon policy frameworks of the future. This study is important in providing a foundation to the strategies that can be developed to mitigate climate change, by using the ocean carbon reservoir, through a better understanding of the contribution made by the submarine canyons to the carbon cycle.
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Acoustic surveying the activity of Deep-sea Cephalopods in the Southern Indian Ocean: time patterns and environmental feedbacks
Vol.2(2); Pages:16-22. Published on November-2025
Abstract
This paper examines the timing and environmental factors of deep-sea cephalopod presence in the Southern Indian Ocean by examining passive acoustic recorders situated 2, 000 -2, 800 meters beneath the surface. The objective of the study was to identify diel dynamics in cephalopod-related sound signatures and link it to environmental conditions such as temperature, chlorophyll concentration (java surface measure of primary production) and oxygen minimum zone variability. The vertical migration activities were shown by the strong nocturnal peak in the broadband acoustic observations (118 kHz), as determined by the analysis. Acoustic activity had a positive association with cooler water masses and mixing events induced by eddies, meaning that the physical oceanography had a role in the cephalopod behavior. Further, a correlation was found between cephalopod activity and the oxygen minimum zone implying adaptive variability in changing oxygen levels. This experiment will prove the usefulness of passive acoustics in unattended, non-destructive monitoring of deep-sea fauna and the study will bring insight into the ecological consequences of environmental changes as the variability on deep-sea creatures.
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Microplastic penetration and Bioaccumulation in Deep-sea Crustaceans of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench
Vol.2(2); Pages:23-30. Published on December-2025
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is a new challenge to the marine life and more than ever there is panic over the effects it has on the deep sea organisms. The given study dwelled upon appearance and bioaccumulation of microplastic in deep sea crustaceans that reside in Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, and were taken at depth ranging between 6,500 and 8,000 m. Micro-FTIR spectroscopy was applied to three species of dominant crustaceans with tissues in the guts and gills. There were microplastic particles found in 78 percent of specimens, the most prevalent ones being polyester and polyethylene. The average of microplastic particles per gram of wet tissue was 2.4 with the bioaccumulation levels positively correlated with the depth. These results directly show microplastic contamination of hadal food webs and reveal the extreme depth of plastic pollution making its way to the deepest corners of the ocean. The research indicates that international efforts are needed to limit the introduction of pollutants into deep-sea environments and endangering of biodiversity through environmental pollutants.
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Cold Seeps as Biodiversity Hotspots A comparative study of megafaunal communities in the Gulf of Mexico and the West African Margin
Vol.2(2); Pages:31-38. Published on December-2025
Abstract
Cold seep Cold seeps are habitats that are permanently stable in the deep ocean, offering special ecological niches to megafaunal assemblages maintained by chemosynthetic productivity. The comparison in this study is based on the outcome of the biodiversity, trophic structures and community composition within the cold seep habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico and West Africa in the margin. By means of ROV-based transects, video- and specimen data were gathered over multiple (six) seep sites between 2,200 meter and 3,100 m. The findings demonstrated that the West African seeps had a greater species richness and endemism and the Bathymodiolus-dominated communities were more diverse in terms of their trophic relationships (stable isotope analysis 13C and 15 N). These differences indicate that biogeographic isolation and localized chemoautotrophic highs plays an important role in determining ecological difference in these environments. The research used, among other things, provides an insight into deep-sea connectivity and how such environments that are rare and endangered, need to be conserved, given the implications of hydrocarbon exploration.
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Issue 1 JANUARY- JUNE 2025
Volume 2 (Issue 1) JANUARY- JUNE 2025 Research Articles
Climate Change’s Effect on the Distribution and Population Dynamics of Deep-Sea Grenadiers
Vol.2(1); Pages:1-7. Published on May-2025
Abstract
The once-insulated deep-sea marine environments now experience major transformations because of climate change even though they were believed to remain stable against surface changes. The benthopelagic fish group known as deep-sea grenadiers dispersed throughout abyssal and bathyal areas belong to the family Macrouridae which functions as essential indicators of ecological transformations in these distant locations. The research evaluates how climate change affects grenadiers by combining oceanographic information with historical trawl data and computer predictions of population change.Research results show that increasing ocean temperatures together with shifts in thermohaline circulation patterns affect seafood resources and oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) which causes some grenadier species to redistribute their depth ranges while their distribution areas either expand or shrink. The upward depth movements of population groups due to ocean warming reveal them to intensified predator attacks as well as reorganized food networks. Marine snow and detritus flux declines have resulted in decreased grenadier population survival rates through their detrimental influence on both sizes of individuals and their reproductive fitness along with their juvenile survival rates.Scientific investigations note that Coryphaenoides armatus represents one of the most studied grenadiers while showing major population declines along with decreasing particulate organic carbon (POC) flux in the eastern North Pacific region. Studies indicate that the population of Coryphaenoides yaquinae displays stronger resistance to environmental pressure compared to other abyssal fish species. Grenadiers play dual roles as predators and prey within deep-sea ecosystems which allows their population change to affect deep-sea biodiversity while affecting processes of carbon cycling and nutrient dynamics.
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Fragmented Governance and Overlapping Jurisdictions in International Marine Environmental Protection
Vol.2(1); Pages:8-14. Published on May-2025
Abstract
Areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) face conservation and sustainable use as the most difficult regulatory problems in worldwide ocean management frameworks today. The high seas plus deep seabed area of ABNJ exists beyond state exclusive control so creating unified environmental protection frameworks becomes extremely challenging. The existing frameworks established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) display expansion of regional and sectoral organization responsibilities that produce fragmented decision-making powers. The governance of fisheries remains fragmented because key institutions controlling marine policy such as the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations, the International Seabed Authority, and environmental bodies under the Convention on Biological Diversity and International Maritime Organization. The split nature of ocean governance allows regulatory holes to appear together with contradictory standards and feeble implementation systems as well as inadequate inter-governmental connections. The sectoral governance methods for ocean management do not effectively manage ecosystem ecosystems nor handle the accumulating damage to the environment. The BBNJ Agreement under UNCLOS and its international legally binding instrument seeks to resolve the existing challenges in governing ABNJ. Multiple doubts exist about how effectively this approach operates as well as how it fits with current legal frameworks and its practical implementation. This paper explores institutional and legal fragmentation in ABNJ governance by studying conflicting mandates followed by proposals that will enhance framework interconnection and cooperation between existing and new mechanisms which will sustain marine environment protection in crucial global regions.
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Effects of Climate Change and Deep-Sea Habitat on Mediterranean Fisheries
Vol.2(1); Pages:15-22. Published on May-2025
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea sustains numerous deep-sea ecological communities which face growing human-made disturbances and environmental transformations. A research investigation analyzes the complex interplay between deep-sea environments and sea-bottom climate-adjusted temperatures with escalating fishing intensity. Our team employs interdisciplinary methods to analyze these changes in benthic environments and thermal conditions regarding their effects on important commercial species distribution. Marine biodiversity together with Mediterranean fisheries sustainability experience severe consequences due to habitat destruction and species displacement observed in ecological disruptions. This article presents adaptive management and conservation strategies that aim to limit long-term effects on food resources obtained from the deep regions of this semi-enclosed sea.
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Overview: Trends in Primary Production in the Arctic Marine Ecosystems of Canada
Vol.2(1); Pages:23-32. Published on May-2025
Abstract
The paper investigates current trends of primary production in Canadian Arctic marine ecosystems that experience quick environmental and climatic changes. Researchers employ data from different sources including satellite imagery and measurements collected at the site and ecosystem models to identify pronounced regional NPP growth that mostly occurs in areas without ice and around its edges. Regional increases in primary production stem mostly from greater light passage alongside diminishing ice extents with prolonged periods of open water. Environmental responses fluctuate between regions because the regions contain different levels of nutrients and experiences different instances of freshwater input and ocean mixing patterns. Phytoplankton bloom rhythms together with their structural characteristics experience modifications that may transform the biodiversity patterns of food webs while changing the routes through which carbon escapes the system. Long-term monitoring with localized approach represents the fundamental need for studying the ecological effects of primary production changes upon Arctic biodiversity together with ecosystem services.
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Regional Sea Ecosystem Responses are Being Shaped by Physical Processes Caused by Climate Change
Vol.2(1); Pages:33-39. Published on May-2025
Abstract
Regional sea ecosystems experience major effects from climate change due to physical processes including ocean warming, stratification modifications, circulation pattern changes, rising sea levels and changes in salinity patterns. The procedures affect nutrient situations and biological production levels and species distribution patterns until they reshape marine food webs and ecosystem operating systems. The necessary understanding of fundamental physical driver effects on ecological patterns serves both future impact prediction and adaptive management guidance for coastal and open-ocean environments.
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Volume 1
Issue 1 JULY– DECEMBER 2024
Research Articles Volume 1 (Issue 1) JULY– DECEMBER 2024
Designing Symbiotic Networks Integrating People, Crops, and Bee Farming in Greece’s Landscapes
Vol.1(1); Pages:1-9. Published on September-2024
Abstract
This study explores the design of symbiotic networks integrating people, crops, and bee farming within Greece’s diverse landscapes, aiming to create a sustainable agricultural model. Greece, with its unique climate and biodiversity, offers significant potential for agro-ecological networks that foster mutually beneficial relationships among beekeepers, farmers, and local communities. The proposed framework emphasizes the interaction between crop production and pollination services, aiming to enhance agricultural yields, biodiversity conservation, and economic resilience. Key components of this network include crop rotation systems compatible with bee health, the strategic placement of apiaries, and education programs promoting community engagement. Additionally, the research examines how traditional agricultural practices can be aligned with modern permaculture principles and digital technologies, such as IoT-based monitoring for hive health and soil conditions. Special attention is given to the role of policy frameworks and cooperative models that can facilitate the integration of bee farming and crop production. This symbiotic approach is expected to support environmental sustainability while boosting the economic well-being of rural communities, offering a blueprint for agricultural development in Mediterranean regions facing similar challenges.
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Integrating Agriculture and Organic Farming: Overcoming Challenges for Food Security and Environmental Sustainability
Vol.1(1); Pages:10-17. Published on October-2024
Abstract
The integration of agriculture and organic farming represents a pivotal strategy in addressing contemporary challenges related to food security and environmental sustainability. As the global population continues to rise, the demand for food increases, placing pressure on conventional agricultural practices that often prioritize yield over ecological balance. This paper explores the potential of organic farming as a sustainable alternative, highlighting its benefits in enhancing soil health, promoting biodiversity, and reducing chemical inputs. However, the transition to organic farming faces several challenges, including market accessibility, knowledge gaps among farmers, and regulatory hurdles. By examining these obstacles and proposing viable solutions, this study aims to contribute to a holistic understanding of how integrating organic practices into mainstream agriculture can foster resilient food systems and promote sustainable environmental stewardship.
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Recent Advances in Understanding and Harnessing Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms to Enhance Vegetable Quality
Vol.1(1); Pages:18-28. Published on October-2024
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular biology and biotechnology have significantly deepened our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing vegetable quality. These mechanisms involve complex networks of genes, transcription factors, hormones, and environmental signals that influence traits such as flavor, texture, nutritional value, and shelf life. Innovations in genomic sequencing, gene editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9, and transcriptomics have enabled precise manipulation of these pathways to improve vegetable quality. This review highlights key discoveries in the molecular regulation of vegetable quality, including the identification of specific genes and molecular pathways involved, the role of epigenetics, and the impact of biotic and abiotic stress responses. Furthermore, we discuss current applications and future potential of biotechnological tools in enhancing vegetable quality, offering insights into sustainable agricultural practices and improved crop resilience.
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Review of Aquacultural Production System Models: An Overview of Key Approaches and Their Applications
Vol.1(1); Pages:29-39. Published on December-2024
Abstract
This review examines various models of aquacultural production systems, highlighting their key approaches, advantages, and practical applications. It explores traditional and modern systems, including extensive, semiintensive, and intensive farming, as well as recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), and biofloc technology. Each model’s efficiency, sustainability, and economic viability are assessed, with a focus on their ability to meet global food demands and environmental considerations. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of current trends and innovations in aquacultural production, offering insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
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Transforming Smart Agriculture Through Digital Twin Technologies: A Comprehensive Review
Vol.1(1); Pages:40-48. Published on December-2024
Abstract
The integration of Digital Twin technologies into smart agriculture represents a transformative shift that enhances productivity, sustainability, and decision-making processes within the agricultural sector. This comprehensive review explores the concept of Digital Twins virtual replicas of physical entities that utilize real-time data to simulate, analyze, and optimize agricultural operations. By examining the applications of Digital Twin technology in crop management, livestock monitoring, precision farming, and supply chain optimization, this review highlights the potential of Digital Twins to provide farmers with actionable insights and predictive analytics. The review discusses the technological frameworks necessary for implementing Digital Twins, including the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI). Additionally, it addresses the challenges and barriers to adoption, such as data privacy concerns, the need for technical expertise, and infrastructure requirements. By showcasing successful case studies and future trends, this review aims to inform stakeholders about the value of Digital Twin technologies in creating resilient agricultural systems that can adapt to changing environmental conditions and market demands.
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