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Volume 2
Issue 2 JULY– DECEMBER 2025
Volume 2 (Issue 2) JULY– DECEMBER 2025 Research Articles
Machine Learning and Predictive Analytics of Early Crop Yield Forecasting in Maize based On Vegetation Indices Derived by Satellites
Vol.2(2); Pages:1-8. Published on November-2025
Abstract
In food security, logistics and markets planning, good crop yield prediction is the important factor in making the right decisions. In this work a system of machine learning aimed at forecasting the early yield of maize with the help of the vegetation indices in a satellite image received with Sentinel-2 was developed. These two models; Random Forest and XGBoost were trained using four years of yield data and satellite data and the results were correspondingly validated using field data performed in the year 2025 before harvest. XGBoost model was the best with R 2 = 0.86 and the RMSE of 0.42 t/ha, representing a strong predictive role. The most accurate forecasting was made at stage of silking of the maize plants and R 2 = 0.91 which could be made 45 days before harvest. Such results support the possibility of the implementation of AI-integrated satellite monitoring to realtime, high-resolution estimate yield in commercial maize systems, which can be a highly powerful instrument to optimize farm management, market prediction, and resource distribution. This will be a positive way forward in the future of precision agriculture, which will lead to the production of more efficient and sustainable food.
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An Autonomous Field Robot to do Site-Specific Weed Detection and Targeted Herbicide Application in Row Crops
Vol.2(2); Pages:9-16. Published on November-2025
Abstract
The trend in reducing the application of herbicides in farming has put much attention to precision weed control. The paper is the result of the development and the field testing of an autonomous robot to detect weeds on the site and locally apply a herbicide in row crops. The robot employs convolutional neural networks (CNNs) technology in real-time detection of weeds and variable-rate actuator in accurate herbicide treatment. Areas covered in the field tests in the Netherlands in the maize and sugar beet fields indicated that herbicide use was reduced by 71.5 per cent with an efficacy of 94.2 per cent of weed control. The robot reached an operating coverage of 1.6 hectares per hour, and very little disruption to crops. The findings indicate that AI-enabled robotics has great promise in sustainable crop protection and it can provide a solution to overcome herbicide reliance and efficiency improvement in precision farming.
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Blockchain and IoT in real time monitoring and transparent traceability of perishable horticultural supply chains
Vol.2(2); Pages:17-24. Published on November-2025
Abstract
Perishable crops like tomatoes are very susceptible to quality loss in case of post-harvest handling, mainly because of the absence of real time visibility in the supply chain. This paper introduces the deployment and the evaluation of an integrated system of IoT-based environmental monitoring and blockchain in order to enhance the supply chains of tomatoes in Brazil and Italy, addressing both traceability and quality assurance. The system also recorded real-time temperature and humidity during transport and irreversibly documented the events of critical supplies using Ethereum based smart contracts. The overall field implementation in 14 farms and 3 distribution centers resulted in the decrease of the spoilage by 34 percent, the improvement of the quality tracking and verification speed, and the enhancement of consumer confidence provided by QR-related history of products. The study shows that it is possible to use the combination of blockchain and IoT and create new generation agri-supply chains that would take transparency, efficiency and sustainability in the realm of food safety and quality assurance and consumer trust in perishable product management to new levels.
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AR-Enhanced Knowledge Transfer in Precision Agriculture: A Pilot Study on Knowledge Transfer in Protected Smallholders
Vol.2(2); Pages:25-32. Published on December-2025
Abstract
The use of Precision agriculture technology is usually inhibited by the use of complicated machinery and unavailability of training on the location. This pilot study considered the efficiency of augmented reality ( AR )-based training modules to impart precision farming among smallholders of vegetable growers in Telangana, India. AR simulations included the soil testing by GPS, variable-rate application, and scouting by the drones and presented through the glasses mounted on the head. Knowledge retentions and levels of confidence were checked in pre- and post-training evaluation. The use of AR modules in training farmers resulted in a 61 percent change in the understanding of the concepts involved, and the farmers experienced a greater level of post-education precision in the use of tools (p < 0.01) than was the case among farmers trained in traditional classrooms. The AR-trained group also estimated a higher level of confidence to utilize precision farming tools. Based on the findings, it is proposed that the gaps towards effective training can be closed through immersive AR technology that can improve the level of knowledge and skills of the smallholder farmers and boost the adoption of smart farming much quicker in low-resource scenarios. AR training would thus be an expandable option in encouraging the use of precision agriculture.
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Edge Computing and Integration of the Climate Forecast through Smart Greenhouse Automation to Produce High-Value Crop Production
Vol.2(2); Pages:33-41. Published on December-2025
Abstract
The paper examines how edge computing suits greenhouse grown capsicum production by combining it with climate forecast information. The designed system allows using real-time feedback of the sensors in combination with local short-term climate forecasts considering machine learning models, implemented on local microcontrollers to make autonomous decisions about irrigation, ventilation, and shading. Within a 3- month production period, the system recorded 17-percent decrease in energy consumption and a 11.4-percent boost in yield owing to conventional automated system. The projections of climate-wise interventions, based on the predictions of the change of temperatures, contributed to the mitigation of acute changes in temperature that improved the physiological stability of plants. The findings show that edge-AI systems could enhance resource use as well as yield in controlled environment agriculture. The research shows how automation can respond to climate and promote more accurate, sustainable, and energy-efficient greenhouse farming practices to open a window into the future of next-generation smart agriculture.
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Issue 1 JANUARY- JUNE 2025
Volume 2 (Issue 1) JANUARY- JUNE 2025 Research Articles
Future Economic Impacts of Cellular Agriculture on Traditional Farming
Vol.2(1); Pages:1-9. Published on May-2025
Abstract
A new technique called cellular agriculture has the potential to completely transform food production by providing sustainable substitutes for traditional livestock husbandry. This study offers a fresh methodology for evaluating the socioeconomic effects of cellular agriculture, taking into account variables like ethical considerations, market acceptance, regulatory environments, and environmental impact. The approach attempts to forecast possible obstacles and opportunities in the shift to lab-grown food systems by fusing social analysis and economic modeling. Key factors influencing the future of cellular agriculture are highlighted in the paper, such as legislative interventions, investment trends, and consumer acceptance. In the end, this approach helps stakeholders such as legislators, business executives, and researchers navigate the changing terrain of alternative protein synthesis.
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Determinants of Sustainable Soil Management Practices Among Smallholder Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa
Vol.2(1); Pages:10-17. Published on May-2025
Abstract
Adoption of better agricultural technologies is essential for raising household income and farm productivity, especially in emerging nations. Using the propensity score match (PSM) method to mitigate selection bias, this study investigates how household income in Eastern Ethiopia is affected by the adoption of new agricultural technologies. Data was gathered from a sample of smallholder farmers, separating those who used modern agricultural methods, fertilizers, and better seeds from those who did not. According to the findings, adopters’ household incomes significantly improve when compared to non-adopters’, indicating the potential of technology adoption to enhance rural livelihoods. The study identifies important factors that affect the adoption of technology, such as education level, financial availability, and access to extension services.
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Examining How Agricultural Technology and Insurance Might Improve the Income Dynamics of Farmers
Vol.2(1); Pages:18-26. Published on May-2025
Abstract
This study investigates the dynamic interplay between agricultural technology progress, agricultural insurance, and farmers’ income. The study analyzes the combined influence of agricultural practice advancement and insurance systems on rural life sustainability to discover mutual effects that drive farmer income growth. The paper highlights how technological adoption and risk mitigation mechanisms help agricultural productivity through risk reduction strategies for increased economic sector resilience.
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Introducing the Agricultural Technology Adoption Journey Framework: Charting the Course for Advancement
Vol.2(1); Pages:27-33. Published on May-2025
Abstract
The study evaluates the complex linkages between technological advancement in agriculture and insurance market expansion with rural income data from different provinces of China. A sophisticated Panel Vector Autoregressive modeling method applied to 2004-2019 period data depicts the diverse characteristics between important agricultural economic factors across Chinese provinces. The methodological framework using agricultural insurance density has found considerable divergences between insurance-dense regions consisting of Beijing and Fujian and Guangdong and regions with lower density such as Anhui together with Gansu and Guangxi. Insurance territories with high density show both superior technological advancement in mechanization and higher income gains for farmers but low-density areas have lower technology use alongside lower incomes. Long-term dynamic relationships between the main variables show distinct patterns based on the regional classifications whereas short-term effects show diminished regional differences. Specific examination of Granger causality reveals a mutual relationship between agricultural income and insurance coverage throughout different regions where agricultural income generates one-way advancement in technology. Research based on impulse response confirms that technological progress enhances farmer income at all levels of location while agricultural technological enhancements drive insurance penetration only in regions with high insurance company density.
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Effects of Digital Financial Inclusion on the Adoption of Agricultural Technology by Chinese Farmers
Vol.2(1); Pages:34-39. Published on May-2025
Abstract
The evolution of digital financial inclusion sits as a main motivational force which transforms rural economic systems particularly in developing nations such as China. The research examines how digital financial inclusion shapes the adoption decision of modern agricultural technologies among Chinese farmers. National rural survey data linked with behavioral economics and innovation diffusion theory demonstrate how rural farmers make decisions through mobile banking together with online microloans and digital insurance and e-payment platforms. Digital financial tools serve as barriers to technological adoption through three mechanisms which remove cash flow issues and cut spending on transactions while improving risk control measures. Trust in digital platforms together with financial literacy and digital infrastructure levels function as significant modifiers for this particular relationship based on the research findings. Research shows that digital financial effects vary between different demographic and geographic sectors and vary between different age groups and farms of different sizes but younger educated farmers tend to take advantage of these technologies better. Financial technology represents a critical component for agricultural modernization through rural revitalization in China and this research added essential insights to explain this process. Policy measures must focus on increasing rural knowledge of fintech together with investing in infrastructure and developing supportive credit policies in order to generate the maximum advantages of digital financial integration.
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Volume 1
Issue 1 JULY– DECEMBER 2024
Research Articles Volume 1 (Issue 1) JULY– DECEMBER 2024
Agriculture and Water Erosion of Soils: A Global Perspective on Challenges and Solutions
Vol.1(1); Pages:1-8. Published on September-2024
Abstract
Soil erosion is a critical environmental issue that significantly impacts agricultural productivity, water quality, and ecosystem sustainability worldwide. This large-scale phenomenon is primarily driven by human activities, including deforestation, improper agricultural practices, urbanization, and climate change, which exacerbate the natural erosion processes. The interplay between agriculture and water erosion of soils is multifaceted, as agricultural practices can both mitigate and exacerbate erosion rates. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the global outlook on agriculture and water erosion, highlighting the causes, effects, and mitigation strategies.Globally, it is estimated that water erosion contributes to the loss of approximately 24 billion tons of soil annually, resulting in reduced fertility, increased sedimentation in water bodies, and loss of biodiversity. Regions with intensive agricultural practices, such as the United States, China, and parts of Europe, experience heightened soil erosion due to monoculture cropping, tillage practices, and inadequate soil conservation measures. Additionally, climate change exacerbates water erosion through increased rainfall intensity and altered precipitation patterns, leading to more severe erosion events.Mitigation strategies are critical to combat soil erosion in agricultural landscapes. These strategies include the adoption of conservation tillage, cover cropping, agroforestry, and the establishment of buffer strips along waterways. Policymakers and land managers must prioritize soil conservation practices, integrate sustainable land management approaches, and promote awareness among farmers regarding the importance of preserving soil health to ensure long-term agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability.
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Comparing regenerative and conservation agriculture in Mediterranean climates: impacts on soil, crops, and farm economics
Vol.1(1); Pages:9-17. Published on October-2024
Abstract
In Mediterranean climates, where agricultural sustainability is increasingly vital, the comparison between regenerative and conservation agriculture holds significant implications. This study delves into the multifaceted impacts of these two approaches on soil quality, crop productivity, and farm economics. Through an extensive review of existing literature and empirical evidence, it seeks to elucidate the nuances and trade-offs inherent in adopting either regenerative or conservation agriculture practices in such environments. The analysis encompasses various factors including soil health indicators, yield outcomes, economic viability, and long-term sustainability considerations. By synthesizing the findings, this study aims to provide valuable insights for stakeholders and policymakers seeking to promote environmentally sound and economically viable agricultural systems in Mediterranean-climate regions.
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David Pimentel’s Advocacy for Perennial Grains: A Sustainable Future for Agriculture
Vol.1(1); Pages:18-25. Published on October-2024
Abstract
David Pimentel, a renowned environmental scientist, emphasized the critical role of perennial grains in transforming agriculture towards sustainability. His advocacy was grounded in the recognition that conventional annual cropping systems are resource-intensive, contributing to soil degradation, water depletion, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, perennial grains offer numerous ecological and economic advantages, including reduced soil erosion, enhanced carbon sequestration, lower input requirements, and improved water retention. Pimentel argued that transitioning to perennial agriculture would foster sustainable food production by minimizing environmental impacts while ensuring food security in the face of climate change. His work also highlighted the importance of research and policy frameworks that support breeding programs for perennial grains and incentives for farmers to adopt sustainable practices. By promoting a paradigm shift from annual monocultures to perennial polycultures, Pimentel laid the foundation for a more resilient agricultural system. His advocacy continues to inspire efforts worldwide to develop sustainable crop systems, aiming for long-term ecological balance and food security.
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Future Perspectives on Sustainable Packaging Advancements in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposites
Vol.1(1); Pages:26-33. Published on November-2024
Abstract
The increasing global concern over plastic waste and environmental sustainability has driven significant research and innovation in packaging materials. This paper explores the future perspectives of sustainable packaging through the lens of natural fiber-reinforced biocomposites. Natural fibers, derived from renewable resources such as plants, agricultural by-products, and waste materials, offer a viable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. By reinforcing biodegradable polymers with natural fibers, these biocomposites exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, reduced environmental impact, and improved biodegradability. The integration of natural fibers not only contributes to resource efficiency but also promotes the circular economy by utilizing agricultural residues and minimizing landfill contributions. Recent advancements in material processing techniques, such as green chemistry and nanotechnology, are highlighted, showcasing their potential to further improve the performance and functionality of biocomposites. Furthermore, the paper discusses regulatory trends, consumer preferences, and market dynamics shaping the adoption of sustainable packaging solutions. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, manufacturers, and policymakers to accelerate the development and commercialization of natural fiber-reinforced biocomposites in packaging applications, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable future.
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Implementing Low-Disturbance Farming Practices for Regenerating Healthy Deep Soil in Pursuit of Sustainable Agriculture
Vol.1(1); Pages:34-42. Published on December-2024
Abstract
The adoption of low-disturbance farming practices is increasingly recognized as a critical approach to regenerating healthy deep soil, which is essential for sustainable agriculture. These practices minimize soil disruption, preserve soil structure, enhance organic matter content, and improve microbial diversity. By reducing tillage and incorporating cover crops, crop rotation, and organic amendments, low-disturbance farming promotes soil health, water retention, and carbon sequestration. This approach not only enhances crop productivity and resilience but also mitigates environmental impacts such as soil erosion and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reviews the benefits of low-disturbance farming, explores various techniques and their implementation, and discusses the longterm implications for sustainable agriculture and global food security.
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