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Volume 1
Issue 2 JULY– DECEMBER 2025
Volume 1 (Issue 2) JULY– DECEMBER 2025 Research Articles
Enhancing Pharmacy Students’ Understanding of Antibiotics through Educational Interventions
Vol.1(2); Pages:1-11. Published on July-2025
Abstract
The problem of antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health, and future healthcare professionals need to be educated to help curb the dissemination of the issue. The research is aimed at exploring how specifically designed educational interventions may influence antibiotic literacy and awareness in pharmacy students of one of the Japanese universities. We used a structured questionnaire to determine the baseline knowledge, perception and behavioural intention of students towards the use of antibiotics prior to and after an academic module on antimicrobial stewardship. The results indicated a significant increase in students scores pertaining to the comprehension of the mechanisms of antibiotics, the problem of resistance, and correct prescribing practices after the intervention. The findings highlight the need to incorporate extensive antibiotic training into the pharmacy school curriculum that will allow preparing future pharmacists to confront antimicrobial resistance with proper knowledge.
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The Effects of Peer-Assisted Learning on Clinical Skills Development to Undergraduate Pharmacy Students: a Quasi-Experimental Study
Vol.1(2); Pages:12-21. Published on August-2025
Abstract
Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is a beneficial educational tool that has been introduced in the sphere of healthcare education to foster cooperation, interaction, and support of the academic skills by students. The quasi-experimental research designed was meant to assess how clinical skills can be developed in undergraduate pharmacy students under the influence of PAL within the third year of study. Ninety-two students were randomly assigned to two groups one group which received a PAL intervention and a control group which had the usual faculty-led teaching. In the PAL intervention group, structured peer-led sessions were conducted whereby the students were involved in sessions focused on counseling the patients, taking medication history, and clinical problem-solving. The results were measured in Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) and done both prior to and following an 8-week training. The findings revealed a much higher improvement on the OSCE scores obtained by the PAL group (overall increase of 18.4%) as compared to the control group (overall increase of 9.7%, p < 0.01). And as an additional feedback, students showed increased satisfaction, confidence and communication skills development. These observations indicate that PAL could be used to provide valuable supplements to more traditional pharmacy curricula that help develop leadership, peer mentorship, and clinical competence in students.
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Simulation-based leadership training for pharmacy education: Effect on decision-making and crisis management
Vol.1(2); Pages:22-32. Published on September-2025
Abstract
The current role of a pharmacist in patient-centered care requires integrating the leadership and crisis management training in pharmacy training. It was a randomized controlled educational intervention that investigated the effects of simulation-based modules on leadership skills on making decisions and how to manage crisis situations by final-year pharmacy students. Eighty participants were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group, with a subsequent delivery of simulation based leadership scenarios or standard lectures on leadership (including medication error response, disaster triage, and interprofessional conflict resolution), respectively. The evaluation of performance was done through the validated rubrics of leaders and accurateness of decision making in the simulated environment. The intervention group showed much better results in terms of leadership competency (expected 87.3 percent vs. 74.5 percent, p as yet < 0.001) and more quick and correct decisions when facing simulated crises. There was qualitative feedback that demonstrates higher confidence, effectiveness in communication, and flexibility. The paper argues that immersive simulation-based training can be a part of pharmacy curricula to ensure that graduates have a proper background to maintain leadership positions in the challenging and tense healthcare settings.
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Mentorship and professional identity formation in post-graduate pharmacy residents: Multiple institution study
Vol.1(2); Pages:33-44. Published on October-2025
Abstract
In an attempt to build self-assured, capable and ethically solid pharmacy leaders, professional identity formation (PIF) has become the key process. This multi-institutional qualitative research examined the extent to which structured mentorship programmes may encourage PIF among postgraduate residents of the pharmacy. The study was conducted in six academic medical centers in Serbia and the United States that included 42 residents in a 6-month mentorship program that involved pairing with skilled pharmacy leaders. The method included semi-structured interviews, reflective journals, and mentor feedback as a way of obtaining data, which was thematically analysed to find patterns of professional growth. The most significant themes have been identified, such as the importance of role models, the effect of positive feedbacks, and the need to allow shadowing of the leaders. The participants stated that they had a greater sense of self-awareness and confidence in decision making and shared the values of the profession more closely. Mentors observed an increase in the leadership preparedness and greater interprofessional collaboration abilities in their mentees.
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Integrating Interprofessional Leadership Projects in Community Pharmacy Education: Implications on Collaboration and Innovation in Services
Vol.1(2); Pages:45-53. Published on November-2025
Abstract
The current prospective educational intervention study evaluated the effect of adding interprofessional leadership projects to Pharmacy training in the final year. A total of 84 students (two universities) worked with medical, nursing and public health trainees to administer community-based health programs, such as vaccination outreach, and chronic disease education. Measurements through Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS) revealed a great improvement in communication, role clarification and team functioning (p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis indicated that they are more confident when organizing diverse teams and they enjoy making decisions as a team. The paper indicates that community pharmacy education is valued in interprofessional leadership training.
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Issue 1 JANUARY- JUNE 2025
Volume 1(Issue 1) JANUARY- JUNE 2025 Research Articles
Comparison of Taiwanese Pharm.D. and B.S. Pharmacy Graduates’ Self Evaluation and Confidence
Vol.1(1); Pages:1-8. Published on May-2025
Abstract
As a result of the White Paper on Pharmacy Education in Taiwan (WPPET), Taiwan started offering both traditional B.Pharm programs and new 6-year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) courses. Still, there is a large range of education objectives at pharmacy schools, yet the views of students and graduates were not explored. Researchers developed a questionnaire online to check the self-reported confidence, skills, adherence to standards and expectations of recent pharmacy graduates. Results: A total of 458 responses were analyzed. Pharm.D. graduates believed they had greater competence and were happier with their education, in comparison with those who completed a B.Pharm program. According to the survey, enhancing course integration and accrediting competence were chosen as the top directions for improving pharmacy education. Most participants wanted to keep the national pharmacy licensure examination and rolled out a program based on the B.Pharm degree that offers opportunities to pursue specialization. According to this study, WPPET guidelines were met when the Pharm.D. programs were implemented successfully. In the future, research should mainly focus on ways to connect different subjects and new approaches to recognizing skills or abilities. Based on the results, it seems preferred by pharmacy graduates to offer a flexible system that allows for choices in education.
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A Brief Overview of How Genetics, Epigenetics, and Environment Interact in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Vol.1(1); Pages:9-15. Published on May-2025
Abstract
ASD seems to be strongly affected by various factors such as differences in genes. According to research, ASD is influenced by both biological and chemical processes. This summary assesses the strength of various studies and provides a short outline of the factors that may increase the risk of ASD. We review studies that explain why these factors may increase the risk of ASD. The authors end the review by discussing the potential effects of new findings on upcoming research in molecular areas.
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Current Developments and Prospects in Automated Medication Dispensing Systems and Pharmacy Robotics
Vol.1(1); Pages:16-24. Published on May-2025
Abstract
Medication prescribing errors are the main reason for many annual deaths, with errors caused by improper actions of staff. Due to an increase in the number of patients, hospital pharmacies must address difficult tasks because staff doesn’t have enough time to focus on single prescriptions. As a result, pharmacies are now relying on robotics to deliver medicines and keep errors to a minimum. The pharmacy robot is considered a major breakthrough in hospital pharmacy technology. The review explores the concept of pharmacy robots and looks at relevant scientific studies featuring their use in pharmacology. Though evidence proves that pharmacy robots positively affect a pharmacy, its employees and its daily tasks, incidents with the machines still occur and must be fixed by employees. The main point is that robots only support the work, making it necessary for humans to remain active in managing both the flow and efficiency of work performed in these systems.
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Evaluation of Northern Nigerian Final-Year Pharmacy Students’ Knowledge of Stewardship Practices, AMR, and Antibiotics
Vol.1(1); Pages:25-32. Published on May-2025
Abstract
It is important to have well prepared, competent and knowledgeable pharmacists as they help tackle the current public health problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The purpose of this work was to test how much fifth year pharmacy students in Northern Nigeria know about antibiotics, resistance to microorganisms and the proper use of antibiotics.We conducted a paper-based, descriptive cross-sectional study that included questions asked from July to September 2021. Each person filled out the questionnaire independently and it had four sections. In the first section, I asked about respondents’ personal information and section B centered on their awareness of antibiotics and AMR. Part C had six questions that measured people’s knowledge of various AMS areas and the final part tested their ability to use antibiotics and how informed they are about these subjects. These findings were described using statistical methods.There were 164 questionnaires collected as part of the results. The majority of those interviewed were men and teenagers between 21 and 25. While some understanding about antibiotics and AMR was present, a number of mistakes about them were found as well. Even though only 80 students (48.8%) knew what AMS is, a high percentage of them understood AMS’s aims and the roles on the AMS team. Most respondents admitted that their knowledge of antibiotics, AMR or AMS was not enough for their future work and more than 90% of them wanted to learn more about these issues.In sum, while much of the participants understood these concepts, there were still a number of areas where they lacked understanding. Undergraduate pharmacy education should be improved in these areas.
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Improving Clinical Education to Prepare Pharmacy Professionals for Higher Level Positions
Vol.1(1); Pages:33-42. Published on June-2025
Abstract
Many pharmacy experts are now working in advanced positions such as primary care. Because of the Pharmacy Integration Fund (PhIF) in England, professionals from the pharmacy sector found jobs and training in new settings serving patients, like at general practice and care homes. Because work-based supervision and support are essential for student learning and already exist in medicine and nursing, one of the PhIF’s providers copied the support structure from its medical specialty training experience. This paper details the background of this supervision model by discussing educational supervision, how it is delivered and the supporting training for supervisors. Because of this study, pharmacy experts in primary care could perform safely, handle different employment challenges, grow in their job duties and learn more. It demonstrates the positive aspects of being supervised after registering to prepare for leadership roles in patient care.
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